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The highest point is Pidurutalagala at 2,524 m (8,281 ft). Its terrain is mostly low, flat to rolling plain, with mountains in the south-central interior. Sri Lanka's climate includes tropical monsoons: the northeast monsoon (December to March), and the southwest monsoon (June to October). The formation is also known as Rama's Bridge, as according to Hindu mythology, it was constructed during the rule of Lord Rama.
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According to temple records, this natural causeway was formerly complete, but was breached by a violent storm (probably a cyclone) in 1480. The largest offshore island, Mannar Island, leads to Adam's Bridge.Īdam's Bridge, a land connection to the Indian mainland, is now mostly submerged with only a chain of limestone shoals remaining above sea level. Dozens of offshore islands account for the remaining 342 km 2 area. The main island of Sri Lanka has an area of 65,268 km 2 it is the twenty-fifth largest island of the world by area. Its coastline is 1,340 kilometres (830 mi) long. The nation has a total area of 65,610 square kilometres (25,330 sq mi), with 64,630 square kilometres (24,950 sq mi) of land and 980 square kilometres (380 sq mi) of water. Sri Lanka, formerly called "Ceylon", is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, southeast of the Indian subcontinent, in a strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. The sustainable evacuation shelters for the future Tsunami evacuation programs in Gandara and Devinuwara areas were identified in Purana Viharaya and Jayabhodhi Viharaya in Gandara, and Wawwa temple in Devinuwara.Map of Asia showing the location of Sri Lanka In the investigated areas, the flooded area was demarcated as 172,380 square meters and the average distance covered by the wave inside the land as 90 meters with a maximum of 530 meters. to convert the sites in to an eco-touristic zone. People mobilization and training programs were initiated by cataloging the historical and cultural heritages, Natural resources, Local wisdom and knowledge of the people, etc. An eco-touristic approach is strictly followed to maintain the sustainability of the site. Levels of inundation due to 2004 tsunami in the affected areas were demarcated through a Digital Elevation Model and appropriate evacuation sites and routes were identified to fix sign boards to follow in case of a tsunami warning. This helped to develop simulation maps for the planning processes of tsunami evacuation programs to build community resilience. Locational data were collected using GPS techniques.Įvacuation sites were demarcated in the outer skirt of the Tsunami hazard zone, considering the factors of elevation, road accessibility, availability of common places, such as temples, schools in coordination with the disaster management center and other stake holder institutions. A field survey was conducted through a structured questioner to collect the data on Tsunami impact and elevation in the area of four bays in Gandara which were affected due to the tsunami. The study was conducted in Gandara and Devinuwara area which underwent the Tsunami tragedy in 2004. In the present paper an appropriate model for Sri Lanka to build Disaster resilience nation, by participatory approach introducing evacuation zones through Eco-technological integration is discussed.